This report covers the physics of medical cyclotrons and radiopharmaceutical production. It considers the installation, operational and decommissioning requirements for medical cyclotrons. It is intended to be read by scientific and technical staff and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the theory and methodology of cyclotrons and radiopharmaceutical production. The topics presented should be of interest to both those who work with cyclotrons as well as those requiring a greater understanding of this important and growing area. Starting with a brief history and general introduction to cyclotrons, the report continues with substantial in-depth chapters on the physics of cyclotrons and radiopharmaceutical production. This is followed by the regulatory requirements associated with the installation of cyclotrons, doses to staff during operation of the cyclotron and the matters to be considered during the decommissioning process.